<p>Our Lady of Mercy High School is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on March 3, 1980. The creator of this school is Samuel Hannaford</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Church School, Job Corps adult education school and Job training school as of 1988</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>1409 Western Ave.</p><br>
<p>Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States</p><br>
<p>45214</p><br>
<p>The Professor William Pabodie House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected in the late nineteenth century, it was originally the home of a Cincinnati-area educator, and it has been designated a historic site because of its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of wood on a stone foundation, the one-and-one-half-story Pabodie House is Wyoming&#39;s only pure Second Empire house. The facade features a central rectangular doorway with double doors and double semicircular transom lights. Virtually no changes have been made to the house since its completion in 1870, making it one of the best preserved Second Empire cottages in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. William Pabodie was himself not a businessman; a faculty member for Cincinnati Public Schools, he taught mathematics at the old Woodward High School in Over-the-Rhine for many years. His house is one of at least seven significant Wyoming residences with clear connections to the history of Cincinnati.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Pabodie House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<p>Hanover House is a colonial house built by a French Huguenot family in 1714–1716, on the upper Cooper River in present-day Berkeley County of the South Carolina Low Country. The house is also known as the St. Julien-Ravenel House after its early owners.</p><br>
<p>When a state project to dam the river was dammed and create Lake Moultrie was proposed in the 1940s, it would have flooded the site of the house. To preserve the historic structure, the house was moved to the Clemson University campus in Pickens County, near the City of Clemson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hanover House was built by Paul de St. Julien, an ethnic French Huguenot, on land by the Cooper River that was a 1688 grant to his grandfather by the Lords Proprietors of South Carolina. His grandfather had sought refuge in the colony from religious persecution by Catholics in France.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 1½-story cypress wood house with a gambrel roof. It has brick chimneys on either end of the house. There are fireplaces on both the first and second floor. Engraved on a stucco band at the top of one of the chimneys is PEU À PEU, representing the French proverb Peu à peu l&#39;oiseau fait son nid, which is "Little by little, the bird builds his nest." St. Julien named the house Hanover in honor of the House of Hanover, which had ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain, "to show his appreciation for that country which had befriended so many Huguenot refugees after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes." The plantation raised indigo and rice as commodity crops, dependent on labor of their enslaved Africans and African Americans.</p><br>
<p>St. Julien&#39;s daughter married Henry Ravenel. The house remained in the family for nearly 200 years.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In the 1930s the state proposed a project to construct a dam on the Cooper River for flood control and hydroelectric power, creating Lake Moultrie. This historic house and site would have been inundated by the large lake.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the house was dismantled and moved to Clemson University, a public university in the northwest part of the state. It was reconstructed on the east side of campus on Cherry Road. In 1994, the house was dismantled again and relocated to the South Carolina Botanical Garden on the university campus. The house is furnished with period reproductions and donations by the Ravenel family.</p><br>
<p>The Hanover House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America restored the interior of the house as a historic house museum. It is open to the public on weekends. Hours are Saturday, 10:00 a.m.- 12:00 noon & 1:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. and Sundays, 2:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.</p><br>
<p>The Loerzel Beer Hall, also known as "The Brewery" was built in 1873 at 213 Partition Street in Saugerties, Ulster County, New York. It was built about 1873, and is a large three-story, brick building. It measures 45 feet wide and 65 feet deep, and features broad brick gables with lancet openings, a heavy cornice, and decorative cast-iron lintels. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and It was rehabilitated in 1985. It currently serves as an apartment building.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Chalfont Historic District is a national historic district located in a portion of the Borough of Chalfont, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses Main Street  and Butler Avenue  with their American colonial and Victorian-style homes. The district includes 121 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the borough of Chalfont. Historic buildings include the Simon Butler Mill House, built in 1730, and the Chalfont train station.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>St. James&#39; Roman Catholic Church is located at 32 James Street between St. James Place and Madison Street in the Two Bridges neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It is the second oldest Roman Catholic building in the city, built in 1835–1837 of fieldstone, with a pair of Doric columns flanking the entrance. While the neo-classical church is modeled on the published designs by Minard Lefever, and is sometimes attributed to him, there is no hard evidence of this being true. The building was once topped by a domed cupola.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was established by Bishop John Dubois in order to relieve the overcrowding at St. Peter&#39;s on Barclay Street. He purchased an Episcopal church building on Ann Street, retaining the name of Christ Church, and asked Father Félix Varela to organize a congregation. Fr. Varela also established a free school. In October 1833, it was discovered that nearby excavation had rendered Christ Church unsound. Pending the completion of a new building on James Street, premises were rented at 33 Ann Street. However, some members of the congregation finding this too far uptown, instead purchased the Reformed Presbyterian church on Chambers Street. This would become the parish of the Transfiguration, with Fr. Varela as the first pastor.</p><br>
<p>The first Mass was said in the basement of the James St. church on September 18, 1836. The following January it was dedicated under the invocation of St. James the Apostle, by Bishop Dubois. Andrew Byrne was appointed rector. Byrne was succeeded in 1842 by Rev. John Maginnis, who was in turn followed by Rev. John N. Smith. In 1848 Fr. Smith succumbed to "ship fever" contracted when administering last rites to Father Mark Murphy of Staten Island, who had contracted the illness while tending recently arrived immigrants.</p><br>
<p>Alfred E. Smith served as an altar boy at this church when he was a student at its parochial school, the former St. James Elementary School, located across the street.</p><br>
<p>The church was ordered to be closed by New York City officials in 1983, because of the danger of its roof collapsing. It was scheduled to be torn down in 1986, but was saved by the efforts of the community, especially the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the first branch of which was organized in the church in 1836. The building suffered significant damage in a fire on January 11, 2011. In 2007, St. James Parish merged with the nearby Parish of St. Joseph. The combined Parish of St. Joseph/St. James was merged again with the Church of the Transfiguration in 2015.</p><br>
<h3>Pastors</h3><br>
<p>The Cincinnatian Hotel is a registered historic building in Downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on March 3, 1980. It is a member of the Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Since 2018, the hotel has been owned by SREE Hotels of Charlotte and the hotel has been managed by Hilton Worldwide and is part of its upscale Curio Collection brand.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1882, The Cincinnatian Hotel was designed as a "Grand Hotel" of the 19th century. Originally named the Palace Hotel, the eight-story French Second Empire hotel was the tallest building in Cincinnati and designed by the same architect as Cincinnati&#39;s Music Hall and City Hall. The Palace Hotel featured 300 guest rooms and a shared bathroom at either end of each corridor. The Palace hotel provided modern improvements such as electric lights and hydraulic elevators to its guests. There were hitching posts outside and the hotel was located where the trolley cars made their turn.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was renamed the Palace Hotel Cincinnatian on September 24, 1948, which was then shortened to the Hotel Cincinnatian in 1951.</p><br>
<p>The hotel underwent a massive $25 million renovation in 1987, that added a glass-domed atrium and reduced the 300 guest rooms to 146 rooms including seven suites. The renovation retained the hotel&#39;s marble and walnut grand staircase. The original Cricket Restaurant was replaced by the Palace Restaurant and the Cricket Lounge.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the hotel was purchased by SREE Hotels of Charlotte. After extensive remodeling in 2018, which left only the marble and walnut grand staircase as the only part of the interior of the hotel from 1882, the hotel reopened under the management of Hilton Worldwide and became part of its upscale Curio Collection brand. The Palace Restaurant and the Cricket Lounge were replaced by the Hannaford Market, where breakfast and brunch are served and named for the architect of the building, and Brick and Mortar, a gastropub.</p><br>
<p>The Palace Theatre was a historic movie palace in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed at the dawn of the Roaring Twenties, it originally housed stage acts before conversion into a movie theater. Named a historic site because of its architecture, it was demolished in the early 1980s following years of financial failures.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built in the Italianate style, the Palace was a five-story stone building topped with a finial at the center of a bracketed cornice. The facade was divided into five bays: on the first two stories, the middle bay comprised a wide arch around the main entrance and marquee, and the other bays included one large window each, while stories three through five comprised all smaller windows, with four in the middle and two in each of the others. Inside, the building was carefully constructed to minimize structural interference and to maximize visibility: although the theater was built to hold an audience of 2,600, none of the seats came near to being placed behind structural members. Instead, the ceiling was supported by a set of arches and vaults, covered with elaborate plaster details; the result was an exceptionally high-quality acoustic structure, important in the days of vaudeville. The red carpet was laid out permanently in the foyer, and space was provided in the main part of the theater for an orchestra that was available to play for ever performance. In 1930, the theater demonstrated its technological sophistication by installing air conditioning.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by architect George Rapp of Chicago, the Palace was the last theater built in Cincinnati before movies gained the prominence that they now enjoy. Built by the Ohio Construction Company at a cost of half a million dollars, the theater originally showed primarily vaudeville acts, but by the time RKO Pictures purchased it in 1930, it had been renovated to facilitate the showing of movies. Nevertheless, its stage remained useful; among the many performers who appeared live on its stage during the RKO era were Doris Day, Bing Crosby, and Burns and Allen. During its heyday, the theater would feature one act after another throughout the day, going from noon until almost midnight. Into the 1970s, it was still featuring both movies and live performances; although a group of investors spent more than $1 million to renovate it in 1978 and 1979, attendance continued to drop, unlike Cincinnati, whose orchestra plays at Music Hall in Over-the-Rhine.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Palace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its place in local history, but the designation was unable to prevent its replacement with a skyscraper. Even though the theater has been gone for more than thirty years, it officially remains on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Park Flats are an apartment building in the Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1904,</p><br>
<p>Around 1900, Charles Mayer left the insurance business and became involved in real estate development. One of his projects was the Park Flats, which he built with numerous architectural innovations. Among these features were large bay windows with metal frames, two belt courses per story, and multiple colors of bricks. Constructed with the plan of a rectangle, It combines multiple elements of early twentieth century Neoclassical architecture with other features of the newly emergent Chicago School.</p><br>
<p>In the late 2000s, developed Ed Horgan began to restore several different multi-unit residential buildings in the Walnut Hills neighborhood. Once home to many wealthy Cincinnatians, the neighborhood had fallen into poverty and high levels of crime, but Horgan believed that his project could attract prosperous young adults to gentrify the area. Besides the Park Flats, he purchased and renovated multiple properties, chief of which was the former Verona Apartments. With the completion of his project, the building comprised thirty-six apartments featuring elements such as wooden floors. Among the aspects of the building that Horgan encountered was its historic designation: the Park Flats were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, qualifying for inclusion because of their historically significant architecture. Two years later, much of Walnut Hills was declared a historic district and listed on the National Register as the Peeble&#39;s Corner Historic District; among its dozens of contributing properties were the Park Flats.</p><br>
<p>The Perin Village Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in Newtown in Hamilton County,</p><br>
<p>Perin Village is part of a prehistoric complex of earthworks in the Newtown vicinity; other sites in the complex include the Odd Fellows Cemetery Mound, approximately 0.3 mi to the southeast, and the large Turner Earthworks. A mound was once located at the site; when it was destroyed for the purpose of improving a roadway in the late 1870s, it yielded many bones and pieces of charcoal. Two portions of the village site are especially rich in artifacts; however, the site, 80 acre in total, has a less dense concentration of surface artifacts than many other sites in the region due to its location near the Little Miami River — many floods during the sites history have covered earlier artifacts with layers of silt. It is believed that a detailed excavation of Perin Village would yield evidence of houses, hearths, middens, and burial sites. A small number of "Hopewell-like" artifacts were once removed from the site by local resident Frederick Starr; his collection is now housed at the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History and Science.</p><br>
<p>The archaeological value of the Perin Village Site led to its placement on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, four years after a similar status was accorded to the Odd Fellows&#39; Cemetery Mound.</p><br>
<p>The Pfleger Family Houses are a pair of adjacent historic residences in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in the Queen Anne style in the late nineteenth century,</p><br>
<p>The Pfleger family gained prominence in Cincinnatis business community because of their place in the shoe industry. As president of Guiss, Pfleger, and Company, Julius oversaw a firm that sold both shoes and other leather products, and his position was inherited by Edward after the formers death.</p><br>
<p>Both houses have been seen as historically significant because of their status as examples of the period&#39;s transition between architectural styles: although both were clearly built in the Queen Anne style, they bear influences of the Neoclassical style that succeeded the Queen Anne as the premier style of the day. Built of brick with stone foundations, the houses feature such distinctive architectural elements as circular turrets, prominent porches, and Neoclassical fenestration. Contributing to their unique status is their method of construction: while adjacent houses were frequently built by the same contractors, it is very rare for adjacent houses to be constructed intentionally as a pair, as were the Pfleger houses.</p><br>
<p>Early in 1980, the Pfleger Family Houses were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of their well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Other usesPhoenix Building </p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Building and Cincinnati Club are two historic buildings in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The membership of these two clubs was chiefly Jewish.</p><br>
<p>Located at 812 Race Street, the Phoenix Building was constructed in 1893, designed by prominent Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford, the same architect who designed Cincinnati&#39;s Music Hall, and intended as the home of an organization for Jewish businessmen. It was listed in the National Register on January 11, 1985, and it is also recognized as a historic landmark by the Miami Historical Preservation Association. It was built in the architectural style of the Italian Renaissance, featuring Tiffany Glass windows and purchased by the neighboring Cincinnati Club, located at 30 Garfield Place, in 1911. The Cincinnati Club later sold the building in 1983. It later became a fine dining restaurant 1988–2008, and continues as a private banquet facility.</p><br>
<p>The Cincinnati Club operated as a hotel and private businessmans club was also built by Garber and Woodward, Frederick W. Garbers firm.</p><br>
<p>The two properties are separate buildings and each are currently used as a banquet hall for private events.</p><br>
<h2>Phoenix Club</h2><br>
<p>The Phoenix Club was established as a "German Organization of Jewish Men," and the by-laws provided that all proceedings, records and entertainments be in the German language.</p><br>
<p>A 1909 report of The Cincinnati Industrial Magazine states "The Phoenix Club is the leading Jewish social organization of the city, but movement of wealthy families to the outlying districts made the maintenance of the clubhouse too great an expense. The property was sold for $185,000 and will be remodeled into a theater, with restaurant and roof garden."</p><br>
<p>Pilgrim Presbyterian Church is a historic church building in the Mount Adams neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, near the Ida Street Viaduct. Built in 1886, Constructed by Mount Adams architect and builder Charles E. Iliff, the church features a two-story rectangular floor plan with a prominent central bell tower. Among its other distinctive architectural elements are the rose windows in the main gable, pairs of windows on its second floor, and the symmetry evidenced in the overall design of the building.</p><br>
<p>Although Cincinnati was largely Presbyterian in its early history, Mount Adams was originally a strongly Catholic community; Pilgrim Presbyterian was the first Protestant church of any denomination to be founded in that neighborhood. Today, the congregation is no longer in existence: the building is now owned by Pilgrim Chapel United Church of Christ, and its name is absent from the roster of the Cincinnati Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the former Pilgrim Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its distinctive historic architecture and because of its place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Pine Meer, built in 1922–1924, is a historic site located in Green Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It received national exposure when it was the subject of a reality series that aired on TBS in late 2004 known as The Mansion. In reference to the original owners, the property is known locally as the "Schott Estate." Its address is 5336 Cleves Warsaw Road, Cincinnati, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Pine Meer was built for William Charles (Wm. C.) and Lucia Riedlin Schott. The buildings were designed by the firm of Rendigs, Panzer and Martin, one of Cincinnati&#39;s leading architectural firms during the second quarter of the 20th century. The main house "is a distinctive example of the Tudor Revival architecture embodying the architectural details associated with the style. It is characterized by its random ashlar stone and half timber stucco wall treatment, multi-paned and grouped window treatments, decorative sandstone trim, large wall dormers and gable ends, Tudor arch detail, polychromic slate roof and decorative chimney treatment." A unique feature of the home is the front terrace onto which the primary rooms on the first floor open. The main entry doors, opposite the side fronting the pond and street, were set back through a rather low cabled porch to set itself apart from the nearby service entrance. (During the TBS show "The Mansion" this entrance was modified and brought forward by enclosing the porch area.) Situated behind the main house is a carriage house, which has similar rough-stone as the main house on the first floor, but includes yellow brick on the sides and rear. It is dramatized by a pair of acutely angled gables at the ends along with vivid half-timbered patters. This structure contained a four car garage adjacent to a visi-bowl gas pump on the ground level and a servants quarter on the upper level. The lower rear level served as a barn with stalls to house animals, facing what was formerly fenced pastureland, and equipment/workshop rooms.</p><br>
<p>The interior architectural detail of the main house "further articulates the Tudor Revival style through the use of Tudor arched doorways and fireplaces, Tudor and Jacobethan ceiling detail and paneled wall treatments." It originally had 13 rooms, and 4.5 bathrooms, including a "sunken" music room, which enlarged the ceiling heights, with a built-in organ that could play music scrolls. There was also a screened bedroom porch off the main bedroom. (But it was enclosed by a later owner.) The house also contained a large attic, adjacent to the former servants quarters, with shed-roof dormers as well as a basement with laundry room, card room and wine cellar. The driveway entrance is flanked by rough-stone gateposts topped by carved pineapples, which in turn are flanked by shorter stone piers connected by horizontal slate "rooflets" over curved arches with wrought-iron grills. There was a bench and brass plaque that said "Pine Meer" on the left gate post and a plaque that said Wm. C. Schott on the right gate post. The long driveway branches into a circle between the two buildings along with a drive extending to the back of the carriage house.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds & Landscaping</h2><br>
<p>Originally a farmstead with nearly 100 acres, the property was developed into a "Gentlemans farm", reminiscent of English country houses. The pastures were primarily used for cattle, pigs and a horse, but there was some sharecropping with some of the acreage. The main house lies on a hill rising gently in front of a "u" shaped pond. It once had a small boat dock at one end, an island for swan nesting at the other end and a fountain lying below the surface in the center. The pond had an underwater spring, was stocked with largemouth bass, contained waterfowl and was designed with a decorative stone overspill that drained excess water under the frontage road. Most of the acreage was in fenced pastures, but the homestead was surrounded by a formal garden, a vegetable garden and a rose garden. The Schotts had a great appreciation for trees and plants. The grounds were professionally landscaped including a flower garden with a seated trellis, a quaint bridge over a stone laid creek-bed and a stone staircase off the music room&#39;s veranda that lead to the formal garden with a stone trimmed swimming pool and fountain. (The original pool and formal gardens were removed and replaced with a larger pool by a more recent owner.) Hundreds of trees were planted, consisting of over 50 varieties, including a long entry "allee" drive formed by tall oaks, a couple groves of pine trees and an apple orchard. Large concentrations of daffodils were planted in various sections of the estate that beautifully complemented the flowering trees in the spring. The tree selections, particularly maples and oaks, provided vivid red and yellow colors in fall, and the evergreens and hollies provided color in winter and year-round. Adjacent to the orchard were wooden beehives that helped pollinate the orchard trees and flowers on the estate and that produced honey. Dozens of bird houses were also placed in the trees. Rather than decorate a cut tree for Christmas, Wm. C. always purchased a live tree and over 30 such trees were planted on the grounds, with some becoming quite large.</p><br>
<p>On a hill to the west of the main estate, each of the Schott&#39;s sons, William Riedlin Schott (Wm.R). and Louis Lueders Schott (Louis L.), built homes for their families. Wm. R. called his home Copper Beeches, because a couple of these beautiful trees were adjacent to his home. Shortly thereafter, in the early 1960s, the rural character of the area began to change with the development of residential subdivisions nearby. A local church and school adjacent to the estate, St. Antoninus, was expanding and wanted land for athletic fields. Wm. C. provided a pasture for that use and ultimately donated funds for land closer to the noted parish which became known as William C. Schott Memorial Fields, or simply as Schott Fields. It is now operated by the William C. Schott Memorial Association.</p><br>
<h2>Schott Family</h2><br>
<p>The parents of William C. Schott (Will) and Lucia Riedlin Schott were enterprising German Americans with important brewery connections. Will was the youngest son of J. M. Schott, who was the founder of J. M. Schott & Sons Cooperage in Cincinnati, and Lucia was the youngest daughter of Wm. Riedlin Sr., the owner of Bavarian Brewing Company located in Covington, KY. By the turn of the 20th century, Bavarian was the largest brewery in its state and the large cooperage firm shipped to breweries in several states. After the death of J. M. Schott, his sons took over both J.M. Schott & Sons Cooperage and the Cincinnati Galvanizing Company. In 1920 the Schott brothers built a plant for the galvanizing firm in Cincinnatis Spring Grove industrial district and Will became the General Manager and a Director. Reopening the Bavarian Brewery by Lucia Riedlins relatives shortly after prohibition was unsuccessful. However, Will and his brothers purchased the brewery out of bankruptcy in 1938 and expanded its operations. Will and his brothers became executives of both the Bavarian Brewery and the Cincinnati Galvanizing Co. for a couple of decades. By the 1950s, Will Schotts sons, William R. Schott and Louis L. Schott, were then living next to Pine Meer and had become President and Secretary/Treasurer of Bavarians, respectfully. Louis L. also became an executive in the familys galvanizing firm in the 1960s. William C. Schott was a philanthropist providing funds for a local hospital wing and murals for Western Hills High School, besides donating land for Schott Fields. Lucia Schott predeceased her husband by nearly a decade, but Will lived at Pine Meer for over fifty-five years, passing away at his home in 1981 at the age of 97.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 1982, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture; it is presently the only historic house recorded for Green Township. The youngest son, Louis L. Schott, was interested in preserving the main house and the original style of landscaping around the buildings. He was also involved in subdividing much of the original acreage into a residential subdivision and a couple condominium complexes. One complex was named after the estate and is called Pine Meer Condominiums and the other is known as Pennsbury Condominiums. Even though architectural covenants were provided to help maintain the character of the original estate and the area, the west side of the entrance was subdivided into four lots, which no longer makes the entry a private drive to only the Manor House.</p><br>
<p>Police Station No. 3 is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on May 18, 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Cincinnati Police Station at 3201 Warsaw Avenue opened December 31, 1908. It was a combined station house and patrol house, which accommodated 40 patrolmen, a patrol wagon, and 16 horses for mounted patrol. Designated the Ninth District and Patrol Nine upon opening, it was re-designated as District 3 in 1927.</p><br>
<p>On December 14, 2008, community groups joined with the police department and the Greater Cincinnati Police Historical Society to celebrate the buildings centennial. A plaque on front of the building commemorates that event. District 3s operations moved from this building to a new station in June 2015. The station on Warsaw Avenue station is still used by Cincinnati Police Traffic Units.</p><br>
<p>Police Station Five was a historic police station in the West End neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Constructed in the 1890s to serve both regular police and the city&#39;s patrol service, it was named a historic site in the late twentieth century, but historic designation was unable to save it from destruction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Other than Chicago, which formed a patrol service in 1877, Cincinnati was the first city in the United States to establish a horse-mounted patrol service to provide general emergency services. When the first patrol force was formed at the end of 1881, its officers rode in horse-drawn carts that carried medical equipment such as surgical tools and stretchers in addition to police paraphernalia. Besides their responsibilities of supporting the regular police force, patrol officers watched for fires, and horse-mounted patrols provided police service in sparsely-populated parts of the city in which foot patrols were inconvenient. Their services were essential during emergencies, such as the chaos of early 1884: patrol officers rescued those endangered by dangerous Ohio River flooding and sought to maintain order during the courthouse riots. Horse-powered patrols were replaced by patrol cars and motorcycles in the 1910s and 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Originally an English immigrant working lowly jobs for established architects, Hannaford raised himself into public prominence by producing such grand buildings as Music Hall, and the built environments of Cincinnatis wealthier neighborhoods were filled with Hannaford-designed buildings by the end of the nineteenth century. At the age of 62, Hannaford retired in 1897, they had previously been based at the former City Stables, and the construction of the new building was mandated by the Stables poor structural condition. It was also constructed with space for the police. During the twentieth century, the station saw a conversion from simple patrol usage into being the precinct headquarters for the city&#39;s fifth police district. It remained in official use until 1957, when a replacement police station opened on Ludlow Avenue, but it remained in city ownership. A contracting firm bought the building from the city in late 1980. City officials hoped to see its preservation and redevelopment, but the new owners sold it in 1984 to another company that demolished the building and replaced it with a parking lot.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick with elements of sandstone, Police Station Five rested on a stone foundation. The Romanesque Revival style dominated, although Queen Anne was also present. Components such as brick corbeling and ashlar stonework laid in belt courses contributed to the appearance of its symmetrical design. Despite stylistic differences, Police Station Five closely resembles Police Stations Two and Three, neoclassical structures downtown and on the city&#39;s west side: all three were built with similar massing and with symmetrical two-story structures, and covered with flat roofs. Contributing to the design similarities were practical necessities: when built, all three housed both police and patrol, and the form of Police Station Five was dictated by its placement in a neighborhood of rowhouses with deep lots of narrow width; its horse-mounted patrol could only access their section of the building via side and rear doors facing alleyways.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In early 1973, 67 acre of land in Cincinnati&#39;s West End was designated the Dayton Street Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Comprising approximately four hundred contributing properties, the historic district encompassed four blocks of York Street, including Police Station Five. The station was individually added to the Register in 1980 as part of a multiple property submission of Hannaford-designed buildings, and one year later it was included in another multiple property submission of Cincinnati patrol stations. Even though no police station has occupied the lot at 1024-1026 York Street since the 1980s, the property remains on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Police Station No. 7 is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on May 18, 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>This was built as Patrol 8, the patrol house for Cincinnatis Police District 8, which was near the bottom of the hill. Patrol 8 was on top of the hill, at McMillan and Ravine St., so the horses didnt have to haul the patrol wagons up the steep hill.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Pollock House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected in the 1870s, it was originally the home of a prosperous businessman, and it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>One story tall and equipped with a walk-out basement, the Pollock House is a weatherboarded structure with a stone foundation, a metal roof, and other elements of wood. Hoods are placed over the windows, and a small porch shelters the main entrance. One of the areas best Italianate cottages, the houses general plan features an ell, which the main entrance faces and into which the porch is placed. Some of the house&#39;s most elaborate features appear on the porch, including its delicate balustrade, the transom window over the front door, and chamfered pillars. Placed at different parts of the exterior are wide eaves with cornice, while the window hoods feature "gingerbread" carven brackets and decorative bargeboards. Combined with other lesser features, these elements produce the appearance of a master-designed house on a small scale.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. John C. Pollock was among the businessmen building these houses; he was one of the partners in a Cincinnati insurance firm, Pollock and Whittlesey.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Pollock House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Reily Road houses included in this group, along with the Charles Fay House, the Luethstrom-Hurin House, the Louis Sawyer House, and the William Stearns House.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Powell House is a historic house in the Mount Auburn neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the mid-19th century, it experienced a radical transformation near the end of the century under the direction of a leading regional architect. This French-style residence has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>William Powell established a Cincinnati metalworking firm in 1846 under the name of "Powell Valve and Brassworks Company". Among his sons was Henry Powell, who became wealthy enough to finance the construction of a larger and more ornate house. This residence, the present house, was constructed in 1858. The Powell House was reconstructed during Hannaford&#39;s longest period of independent practice: his reputation solidified by his design of Music Hall, Hannaford operated without partners from 1877 until 1887. During this time, he produced many buildings in various Victorian architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Powell House is a brick building with stone foundation and a slate roof, plus additional elements of brick and wood. Three stories tall, the facade is divided into three bays, with the wooden porch extending across the entire width of the first story. More decorations are present on the porch than on any other sections of the exterior, due to components such as an exceptional balustrade and an unusually flat mansard roof featuring a cornice with dentils; the structure comprises similar sides that differ substantially from the central section.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, much of Mount Auburn was designated the Mount Auburn Historic District and added to the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district embraced both sides of Auburn Avenue throughout the neighborhood, and the Powell House was considered important enough to the district&#39;s integrity that it was designated a contributing property. Although it was already part of the district, the house was added to the Register again in 1980, this time by itself; it was part of a group of dozens of buildings designed by Samuel Hannaford, nominated as a multiple property submission due to their place as examples of the work of the most important architect to practice in nineteenth-century Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The Power Building is a historic commercial building in the downtown of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1903, it was designed by Harry Hake. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1999. One week later, a group of buildings in the northeastern section of downtown was named a historic district, the Cincinnati East Manufacturing and Warehouse District; the Power Building is one of the district&#39;s contributing properties. In 2002 the building was renovated and made into high-rise luxury apartments now known as "The Renaissance".</p><br>
<p>In 2016, the building was sold by Capital Investment Group for $25.4 million cash to a "group of local buyers".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building has 117 apartments and 100 parking spaces in the basement floors.</p><br>
<p>The Probasco Fountain is a large fountain in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built of bronze on a base of granite, the fountain was constructed in 1887 according to a design by Samuel Hannaford.</p><br>
<p>The fountain is named for its donor, Henry Probasco, a Cincinnati resident who also gave the city the Tyler Davidson Fountain. Built as a drinking fountain for the residents of the surrounding neighborhood of Clifton, it is composed of four separate drinking basins: one each for humans, horses, dogs, and birds. Measuring 10 ft high, the fountain is composed of a central column that is crowned with a piece shaped like the cap of a mushroom.</p><br>
<p>Located along Clifton Avenue near that street&#39;s intersection with Woolper Avenue, the Probasco Fountain is a contributing property to the Clifton Avenue Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1980, the fountain itself was added to the Register, along with dozens of other buildings designed by Samuel Hannaford in Cincinnati and other parts of Hamilton County.</p><br>
<p>Henry Probasco House is a registered historic, single-dwelling house in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was built from 1859 to 1866 for Henry Probasco and his wife, Julia Amanda, on a 20 acre estate. Probasco is known for donating the Tyler Davidson Fountain to the city. The house was listed in the National Register on November 9, 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1856 Henry Probasco toured Europe and was inspired upon his return to the United States to build his home, "Oakwood," in the country. The home was built in the Norman Romanesque Revival style which gained popularity in the mid 19th century. The architect was William Tinsley and "Oakwood" was his only Romanesque design. Isaac Graveson is reported as the manufacturer and Francis Pedretti as the interior designer. By the end of construction in 1866 the cost to build the home was $500,000. Tinsley decided to unite limestone and sandstone in the construction of "Oakwood" which was successful and influenced the use of those materials in future residences in Cincinnati. The initials "HP" for Henry Probasco and "JA" for Julia Amanda are located on the gable along with the date "1860." Tinsley also put his monogrammed initials "T" over a "W." The house is 170 ft. long and 70 ft. wide, fronting southwardly.</p><br>
<p>The Procter and Collier–Beau Brummell Building is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is located at 440 East McMillan St in the Walnut Hills neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by the Cincinnati architectural firm of Elzner & Anderson in the Tudor Revival style and built in 1921 for the Procter and Collier advertising agency. The Beau Brummell clothing company moved into the building in 1936 and used it to manufacture men’s neckties until the company closed in 1982. The Beau Brummell Company, named for the 19th century dandy known for his elegant clothing, was founded by Harry and Edward Weisbaum and Sam A. Brower in 1923. They once had 150 workers making ties in the building. By 1982, there were 40 employees. “We don’t usually give up on an operation,” Daniel Manella, Vice President of New York-based Rapid-American Corp. told the Cincinnati Post in 1982. “Especially an old, established company, but it got to a point where it made very poor business sense to continue.”</p><br>
<p>Union Institute & University</p><br>
<p>In 2021, Union Institute & University sold the building to the University of Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The Ransley Apartment Building is a historic apartment building in the Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1890s, it was designed by one of Cincinnati&#39;s most important architects, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th century, S.C. and L.A. Ransley were a pair of businessmen in Cincinnati; by the 1890s, they owned a chain of three confectionery stores in various parts of the city. One of their properties was located along Kemper Lane on the southeastern corner of its intersection with McMillan Street, and it was here that they chose to erect a large new structure with plenty of residential space. To design the building, they chose prominent architect Samuel Hannaford, the regionally famous architect celebrated for designing important city buildings such as City Hall and Music Hall.</p><br>
<p>Three and a half stories tall, the Ransley Apartment Building is built of both brick and stone; the stonework is the ashlar of the first floor, while the other floors are brick. One enters the building through a recessed main doorway on the first floor, framed by a large stone archway; inscriptions "The Ransley" and "A.D. 1895" appear on and around the archway. Among the other major components of the design is a turret on the buildings main corner, facing the intersection. Although the buildings architecture has been described as a generic "Victorian", many of its components evince clear Romanesque Revival themes.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Ransley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It was part of a large group of Hannaford-designed buildings added to the Register together as a multiple property submission: 55 buildings composed the whole group, including 4 apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Bernard Ratterman House is a historic house in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the middle of the nineteenth century to a design by an unknown architect, Built of brick with sandstone and iron elements, it includes features such as an ornate cornice, stone window trim, lug sills with brackets, and rare details such as crafted acorns.</p><br>
<p>Bernard Ratterman, the original resident, was a white-collar worker; after the house was completed in 1865, he and his family resided in it for several years, during which time he floated among various jobs. Since his familys departure from the house, it has been well-maintained; the houses well-preserved architecture qualified it for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. As well, the Ratterman House is a contributing property to the Over-the-Rhine Historic District, which was designated a historic district and added to the National Register in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Heinrich A. Rattermann House was a historic residence in the West End neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1860,</p><br>
<h2>Heinrich A. Rattermann biography</h2><br>
<p>Born in 1832 in Ankum in the Osnabrück Land, Rattermann and his parents moved to the United States in 1845. In the following year, they moved to Cincinnati, where he worked at a lumberyard for more than a decade before founding a fire insurance company for German-Americans. At the age of 63, he moved into a house on York Street in the West End; into the late twentieth century, this three-story residence was one of the area&#39;s best Italianate houses. Among its architectural elements was a prominent bracketed cornice around the edge of the flat roof.</p><br>
<h2>Registered historical place</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, Rattermann&#39;s house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its connection to Rattermann and because of its historic and well-preserved architecture. Despite its landmarked status, the house has been destroyed; the site is now an empty lot. Nevertheless, the building remains listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Rawson House is a historic building along Clifton Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Erected circa 1870, it has been ranked as a fine example of the Italian Villa style of architecture. Built with brick walls and elements of wood and stone, it was originally the home of Jacob Lloyd Wayne. Later, the house was sold to Joseph Rawson, who was the president of a local meat packing firm and then the vice-president of the city&#39;s First National Bank.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 1973, the Rawson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Non-archaeological historic sites in the United States qualify to be listed on the National Register by passing any of three different criteria: significant historical role, relation to a historically significant person, or historically significant architecture. It is possible for properties to meet more than one criterion; the Rawson House fit all three. Five years later, a group of properties along Clifton Avenue were designated a historic district, the Clifton Avenue Historic District; the Rawson House is a contributing property to that district.</p><br>
<p>The Rennert Mound Archeological District is a group of archaeological sites in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located west of Elizabethtown in Hamilton County, the site is composed of one Native American mound and the remnants of two others, spread out over an area of 40 acre.</p><br>
<p>The central part of the district is the Rennert Mound (also known as the "Minnie Rennert Mound"), Due to its location and shape, the mound is believed to have been built by Adenan or Hopewellian peoples, both of which typically buried many bodies and large numbers of grave goods within mounds of this size. Another mound was once located approximately 90 ft to the west, but it has been destroyed. The preservation of the one mound despite the destruction of the other is likely due to recent intervention: in the early twentieth century, landowner John Rennert planted trees all around this mound to preserve it, but he made no such efforts around the other mounds.</p><br>
<p>Three mounds once composed the Rennert complex, but neither of the others can be distinguished from the surrounding landscape; however, it is believed that an archaeological investigation might be able to discover their locations. Consequently, like the Rennert Mound, the bases of these two mounds are potential archaeological sites. Yet other sites have been found in the vicinity: a somewhat smaller mound tops a hill to the north, and the Wesley Butler Archeological District, composed of multiple mounds and a village site, lies just to the southwest. In 1975, the Rennert Mound and the sites of the two destroyed mounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places for their archaeological significance.</p><br>
<p>The William Resor House is a historic residence on Greendale Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1843, at which time the house was turned to face Greendale Avenue. When built, the house was a simple box in the Greek Revival style, and it assumed its present Second Empire appearance only after an intermediate period in which the style was a generic Victorian. The previous occupant of the site had been a summer cottage.</p><br>
<p>The Resor House was built for William Resor, a wealthy businessman who had become prominent in Cincinnati society through the prosperity of his stove factory. In his old age, Resor participated in such civic activities as the establishment of the Cincinnati Zoo and the creation of the Cincinnati Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Resor House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its well-preserved historic architecture. Five years later, it was one of many properties in the Clifton neighborhood designated a historic district, the Clifton Avenue Historic District, and added together to the Register.</p><br>
<p>The W.C. Retszch House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Built at the opening of the late nineteenth century, it was originally the home of a Cincinnati-area businessman, and it has been designated a historic site because of its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Two and a half stories tall and built on a stone foundation, the weatherboarded Retzsch House features an asphalt roof and elements of wood and iron. Although it features some Colonial Revival and American Foursquare influences, it is primarily a Neoclassical structure, featuring elements such as a pediment and Ionic columns on the massive wrap-around porch with a fragile narrow balustrade. Situated in the center bay of the facade, the main entrance is framed by sidelights and a transom window of leaded art glass. Chimneys are placed on both ends of the house, with a four-over-four pedimented dormer window in the middle. Much of the exterior is topped by a prominent cornice, and the entire property is framed by a large wrought iron fence.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyoming&#39;s proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. W.C. Retszch was among the most prominent of these industrialists, having built the house in 1907 while occupying the presidency of the National Label Company.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Retszch House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to W.C. Retszch.</p><br>
<p>The Riddle–Friend House is a historic residence in Wyoming, Ohio. Constructed in the early nineteenth century, it has been home to some of the areas earliest residents, and it has been named a historic site as a rare survivor of the citys earliest years.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, the Riddle–Friend House features wooden elements and is covered with an asphalt roof. The two-story facade is divided into five bays, with a portico-framed entrance in the middle bay of the first floor. Chimneys sit atop the gables on both ends, well above the roofs of single-story wings. Unusually, it features a combination of architectural styles: the Federal, the Italianate, and the Neoclassical.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>The Riddle–Friend House occupies land that was first owned by John Riddle, a prominent American military leader in the region around the time of the Treaty of Greenville. In 1836, four years after the house was built, Riddle gave much of his wide holdings to his son Isaac, one of Wyoming&#39;s founders; he owned it until the 1850s, when another founder, George Friend, obtained the property. Before long, Friend began modernizing the house in contemporary architectural styles. As the owner of a paper mill in nearby Lockland, Friend was one of many industrialists who moved into Wyoming during this period.</p><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyomings proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. Few early residences such as the Riddle–Friend House survived the influx of industrialists; George Friends action of retaining and modifying an older house was unusual.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyomings historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Riddle–Friend House was listed on the Register in the following year; deemed Wyomings most important historic property, it qualified both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to George Friend, Sr.</p><br>
<p>The L.B. Robb Drugstore was a historic pharmacy in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1860, constructed of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof. The building was a simple rectangle in its floor plan, although not without embellishments: the roof, which rose to gables on the sides, was crowned by a large central chimney, while the gables were ornamented with machicolations, and the walls were anchored by brick pilasters. After the drugstore was completed, it was modified by the addition of a wooden porch to one of the sides; aside from the porch, it measured four bays on the front, four on the rear, and four on each side. The windows were of plain lintel construction with lugsills on the sides.</p><br>
<p>From its earliest years, the building was used as a drugstore; it is certain that it was used for such a purpose for some time before 1868. In 1928, it was purchased by Arthur Clauder, who also owned Clauder&#39;s Pharmacy next door. Today, no drugstore occupies the site: the building has been destroyed, and the site is now an empty lot. While still in good condition, the L.B. Robb Drugstore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It was one of seventeen Columbia-Tusculum properties included in a multiple property submission related to a historic preservation survey conducted in the previous year; most of the properties were buildings, but the Columbia Baptist and Fulton-Presbyterian Cemeteries were also included.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Ropes Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located on Main Street near the Hamilton County Courthouse, this 1882 building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Ropes founded a company to manufacture lard, candles, and other oil-based products in the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1844, he bought a piece of property in what is now the 900 block of Main Street in downtown Cincinnati, and upon this lot he erected a frame building. This structure stood for twenty-seven years; it was replaced by a larger structure in 1871, and this building in turn was removed for the construction of the present edifice. Ropes appears to have arranged for the buildings construction for investment purposes; it was erected only after he had bought 11 ft of land on the southern edge of his original lot, and none of the buildings at the site appear ever to have housed Ropes business.</p><br>
<p>The Ropes Building is a brick structure that features elements of sandstone and iron in its construction. Many ornate details characterize its facade, such as variations in the materials used and in the shapes of elements of all types, which combine to form a fine example of the Queen Anne style of architecture. Because of its well-preserved historic architecture, which also aids in distinguishing a group of adjacent commercial buildings, the Nathaniel Ropes Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Roudebush Farm is a historic farmstead located southeast of Harrison in northwestern Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It was established in the 1850s with the construction of a small frame residence. This building, the original farmhouse, was built just one story tall and composed of two rooms. The builder was the farm&#39;s namesake, Hammand Hersh Roudebush.</p><br>
<p>A native of Adams County in southeastern Pennsylvania, Roudebush and his parents settled in Ohio in 1834 when he was just four years old. Twenty-five years later, he and his wife Emeline bought a Harrison-area property known as "Sand Hill" and settled there; this became the present Roudebush Farm. After completing the original farmhouse and barn in the same year, the Roudebushes became prosperous enough to expand their buildings, and accordingly they expanded the house greatly in 1870. No longer was the house simply a small frame structure: the addition is built of brick with many ornate Italianate details and multiple fine porches. Among the most distinctive elements of the house is its elaborate formal parlor, which retains the furniture, silk wallpaper, and carpet with which it was furnished in 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Roudebush Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Four contributing properties are included within the 9 acre of property designated as historic, including the farmhouse, the barn, and a schoolhouse, although the schoolhouse is no longer used for educational purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Charles B. Russell House  is a historic residence in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1890,</p><br>
<p>Charles B. Russell was a leading Cincinnati businessman, occupying the office of treasurer for the Cincinnati Ice Company, which provided ice both for individual homes and for businesses such as the city&#39;s many breweries. its walls are built of coarse, random ashlar blocks, and its roof is slate. This style of construction is common to houses designed by Hannaford during the early 1890s — all five extant stone houses that he designed between 1890 and 1892 feature coarse ashlar walls. During the final years of the nineteenth century, he was responsible for designing many fine residences like the Russell House: many prominent businessmen and politicians of the Gilded Age found his designs highly appealing, and the wealthy neighborhoods of Clifton, Walnut Hills, and Avondale were dotted with grand Hannaford houses.</p><br>
<p>In the years after Russell moved out of his house, it passed through a succession of owners, starting with attorney Thomas S. Pogue, who purchased the property in 1905. Many of Hannaford&#39;s most important designs in the Cincinnati metropolitan area have been destroyed over the course of the twentieth century, but dozens of his buildings yet stand. In late 1978, fifty-five different Hannaford buildings in or around Cincinnati, including the Russell House and nineteen other houses, were nominated as a group to the National Register of Historic Places, and they were officially added to the Register in early 1980. The Russell House qualified for inclusion on the Register due to its historically important architecture, which was deemed to be significant statewide.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Academy is a historic former residence and school in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built as the home of a wealthy man, it was the location of a Catholic school for most of its history. As a work of a regionally prominent architect, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>English immigrant Samuel Hannaford began his Cincinnati architectural practice in 1858 in partnership with Edwin Anderson. This partnership endured until 1870, shortly after Sacred Heart Academy was constructed in 1868. Neffs house was one of numerous residences that Hannaford designed for Cincinnatis wealthy, although it predates most others; Hannaford became prominent in Cincinnati and the surrounding region only after designing Music Hall near downtown in 1877, and the Gilded Age at the end of the nineteenth century saw numerous Hannaford houses being constructed in prestigious neighborhoods such as Walnut Hills and Avondale. Neff only lived in his great house for a few years; in 1876, it was acquired by the Academy of the Sacred Heart, which needed to leave its previous location on Grandin Road. The Academy used the property for nearly a century until closing entirely in 1970, but it had remained active among Catholic schools until shortly before the end; in the late 1960s, it became a founding member of the Girls Greater Cincinnati League. During its decades in the building, the school arranged for the construction of multiple additions to the original structure.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built primarily of stone, the Academy features ashlar walls with a rough appearance. Most parts of the building are two or three stories tall, although the intended English castle appearance is responsible for the presence of a four-story tower. Visitors enter through a portico dominated by pointed arches: both the main entrance and the sidelights employ the design, as does a window placed under the main part of the tower. Such windows, emblematic of the Gothic Revival style, were also used for later construction; they form a crucial component of an attached chapel built during the school&#39;s occupation of the building. Inside, hand-carven wood panelling is exceptionally extensive: the Swiss woodworkers whom Neff hired for the purpose required two full years of work to complete the carvings.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1973, the academy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Seven years later, it was included in a multiple property submission of fifty-five Hannaford-designed buildings in Hamilton County; its previous National Register status, along with that of sixteen others in the submission, was a significant component of the rationale for granting National Register status to the remaining thirty-eight buildings.</p><br>
<p>Salem Methodist Church Complex is a registered historic building near Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on April 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Historical Marker placed by the Ohio History Connection in 1969 reads on one side, "The Church. Families of Salem Settlement first held services in Francis McCormick&#39;s log home. A log church was built here in 1810 on land McCormick gave for religious and educational purposes. A new brick church was constructed in 1828. In 1863 the existing church was built, the bricks from the second church being used for the educational building next door." The reverse side reads, "The Founder. Francis McCormick (1764-1836), who fought under Lafayette at the siege of Yorktown, founded Methodism in the Northwest Territory. His evangelical and pioneer spirit led him from his Virginia birthplace to establish churches in the wilderness, first at Milford, Ohio, then here, at his village of Salem. He rests with his family and followers in the nearby churchyard."</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>School</p><br>
<p>Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The Louis Sawyer House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected at the turn of the twentieth century, it was originally the home of an important lawyer, and it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Three stories tall, the Sawyer House consists of shingled walls built on a stone foundation and covered with an asphalt roof. Among its features is a tower on one corner; it extends through all three stories, and it is topped with a steep roof rising to a point. Numerous shuttered windows occupy much of the wall area, including some window space in the front gable. The main entrance is located on the right side of the facade, across from the tower; deeply recessed, it is framed with sidelights and a pair of columns. Extending across the entire facade, including the base of the tower, is a veranda-style porch with Ionic columns. All of these features combine to make it one of metro Cincinnatis best examples of the Shingle variant of the Queen Anne style of architecture. Virtually no changes have been made to the houses exterior since it was built, making it an exceptionally well preserved example of the style. Another such house, the Josiah Kirby House, is located in the same Wyoming neighborhood, but its substantially larger size makes it a mansion, unlike the smaller Sawyer House.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>Good transportation is a leading reason for Wyoming&#39;s prosperity. The city lies near the old pre-statehood road that connected Cincinnati with locations farther north, such as Fort Hamilton and Fallen Timbers. Curves in the road were cut off in 1806, forming a new road that is today followed by Springfield Pike through central Wyoming. Improvements in the 1830s only enhanced its importance. By this time, another mode of transportation had become significant: the Miami and Erie Canal was built a short distance to the east in 1828, and the village of Lockland grew up along its side. Railroads reached the city in 1851 with the construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad on the border between Lockland and Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>Because of Wyomings proximity to the industry of Lockland, its easy transportation to the booming city of Cincinnati, and its pleasant scenery, many wealthy industrialists purchased local farms and built grand country houses. Most such houses were built in the Wyoming Hills area, west of Springfield Pike; growth in this area continued until the coming of the Great Depression. Although not a businessman, Louis Sawyer was still a prominent Hamilton County citizen; an attorney, he took office as one of the countys assistant prosecutors upon moving to Wyoming in 1900. His house was built in the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, a local historic preservation group began a citywide survey to identify Wyoming&#39;s historic buildings, and this effort culminated with a multiple property submission of eighteen houses, the Wyoming Presbyterian Church, and one historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Along with all but one of the other properties, the Sawyer House was listed on the Register in the following year, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Reily Road houses included in this group, along with the Charles Fay House, the Luethstrom-Hurin House, the John C. Pollock House, and the William Stearns House.</p><br>
<p>The Saxony Apartment Building is a historic apartment building in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located along Ninth Street in the city&#39;s downtown,</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1891 according to a design by leading Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford, Among the distinctive elements of his buildings as a group is the wide range of architectural styles that he employed: his surviving buildings demonstrate at least five different styles, and although the Saxony Apartments include some obvious Queen Anne elements, the building&#39;s overall style cannot easily be classified.</p><br>
<p>On March 3, 1980, the Saxony Apartment Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its well-preserved historic architecture. Three other apartment buildings, along with more than thirty other buildings in the cities of Cincinnati and Wyoming, were listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission of buildings designed by Hannaford in Hamilton County. Eight months later, the portion of Ninth Street between Vine and Race Streets was added to the Register as the Ninth Street Historic District, and the Saxony Apartments were named one of the district&#39;s dozens of contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Scarlet Oaks is a large and historic residence in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in 1867, it was designed by James Keys Wilson and features a mix of the Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival styles of architecture.</p><br>
<p>Wilson designed Scarlet Oaks under commission from prominent businessman George K. Schoenberger, a Pittsburgh native who settled in Cincinnati with the intention of opening a subsidiary of his father&#39;s iron-manufacturing corporation. Here, he became prosperous; at one point, he was one of the "Seven Barons of Clifton", a popularly perceived group of business leaders in this wealthy city neighborhood. In 1883 Schoenberger married Ella Beatty, daughter of John Beatty, Esquire, M.D., Professor of Sciences in Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario., and his wife, Eleanor Armstrong. Ella was born and educated in Cobourg, Ontario. After Schoenberger died in 1892, she remarried the composer Charles A. E. Harriss in 1897 and occupied "Earnscliffe," a Victorian Manor house at Ottawa, Ontario.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction, Scarlet Oaks was Cincinnati&#39;s largest house. The origin of its design is disputed: Cincinnati local tradition claims that it was modelled after a castle along the Rhine in Germany, while later architectural historians believe that no specific house was used as the pattern. Moreover, an 1870s guidebook rejected the idea of German ancestry entirely, seeing the house as an example of French Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Outside of Cincinnati, Scarlet Oaks quickly became widely known. One of the first issues of The American Architect and Building News, published in 1876, devoted significant coverage to it, and architectural historians have seen its design as anticipating the styles of grand Gilded Age mansions such as multiple Vanderbilt houses designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Wilson designed many houses, but by the 1960s, many seem to have been destroyed; perhaps in part because of its widespread recognition, Scarlet Oaks was the only extant residence that was conclusively identified as being designed by him. Since that time, at least one other surviving Cincinnati residence has been identified as a Wilson design — the John S. Baker House, built in 1854.</p><br>
<p>Built of limestone, Scarlet Oaks is a massive two-and-a-half-storey house with many distinctive architectural features. From a distance, the houses appearance is dominated by its turret and other high towers, and the great size of the building makes it unique even among Cliftons other large residences. More than a century has passed since the house ceased to be a private residence: it was purchased by E.H. Huenefeld in 1910, who immediately donated it to local congregations of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since that time, it has been used as a group facility: after originally being used as a sanitarium, it has since been converted into a retirement home.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Scarlet Oaks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Despite the difficulty of being a religiously affiliated property, it qualified for inclusion because of its distinctive and historically significant architecture. To the present day, it remains a retirement home, although now affiliated with the Deaconess Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The George Scott House is a historic residence in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1880s according to a design by prominent architect Samuel Hannaford, it was originally home to a prosperous businessman, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Scott was one of the executives at George Scotts Sons Pottery, a family-owned business along the Ohio River near downtown. In 1846, the previous George Scott had come to the United States, soon settling in Cincinnati and establishing a highly successful pottery firm. Following his death, the companys name was changed to "George Scotts Sons". The firm was highly prosperous due to its manufacture of potteries ranging from Rockingham-type wares to yellowware, and by the 1870s it had become the countrys largest producer of both types.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Hannaford gained a reputation as one of Cincinnatis best architects following his production of Music Hall in the 1870s, and the citys growth provided plenty of demand for the services of such an architect. During the late nineteenth century, he was responsible for designing many fine residences like the Scott House: many prominent businessmen and politicians of the Gilded Age found his designs highly appealing, and the wealthy neighborhoods of Clifton, Walnut Hills, and Avondale were dotted with grand Hannaford houses. It was this architect whom Scott chose to design his own residence in 1887.</p><br>
<p>Scotts house features a mix of materials: the foundation is stone, the walls are brick, the roof is slate, and wooden elements are also prominent. Two and a half stories tall, the house combines generic Victorian styling with Queen Anne influences. Among its prominent components are the large gables formed by the rooflines, Eastlake-style details on the porch, and a turret on one corner. Half-timbering with stucco covers many of the front walls above and around the porch, which itself includes details such as a pediment and frieze, while the turrets exterior comprises numerous lintels and lugsills, and its roof is an eight-sided pyramid.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the George Scott House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its architecture; it was deemed a fine example of the changing architectural tastes of the late 19th century, which Hannaford frequently embraced by designing numerous buildings in varying architectural styles. Scott&#39;s house was part of a group of dozens of Hannaford-designed buildings in Hamilton County added to the Register together as part of a multiple property submission.</p><br>
<p>The Shawnee Lookout Archeological District is a historic district in the southwestern corner of the USA state of Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The combination of river bottoms and wooded hillsides in Shawnee Lookout made it a highly attractive site for prehistoric settlement. As a result, the lands included in the district have a long record of aboriginal residency: artifacts found in the district&#39;s sites span a range of ten thousand years. These artifacts represent many cultures, including various Archaic peoples, the Hopewell tradition, and other Woodland period peoples. Among the artifacts found at one of the sites are a wide range of biological remains, such as bird bones, fish bones, walnuts, turtle shells, and deer bones. In recognition of the archaeological value of the sites composing the district, Shawnee Lookout was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Shield&#39;s Crossing is a complex of buildings in the Hamilton County portion of Loveland, Ohio, United States. It centers on the historic home of Edwin M. Shield, which was built in 1868 under the leadership of Henry Crooks. It is also known as the "William Johnston House".</p><br>
<p>An early suburbanite, Edwin Shield built the Fulton Foundry near the present house in 1851; he was one of the area&#39;s leading industrialists. In the late 1860s, he began to build the present complex, which sits above the Little Miami River: besides the house, which he named "Christeen," the complex includes six outbuildings: a carriage house, a woodshed, a stable, a smokehouse, an icehouse, and a Gothic-styled gazebo.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Shields Crossing was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name of "Edwin M. Shields House." It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place in the areas history. Key to its historic designation is its place as one of the areas few remaining examples of 19th-century suburban house complexes.</p><br>
<p>The Short Woods Park Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in the Sayler Park neighborhood of the city of Cincinnati,</p><br>
<p>The mound has been excavated by the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History and Science; among the many artifacts recovered were various grave goods and thirty-nine skeletons that were buried in log tombs. According to radiocarbon dating, the individuals buried in the mound lived approximately 2,000 years BP.</p><br>
<p>Although many Native American mounds were once located above the Ohio River in the vicinity of Sayler Park, most have been destroyed by development. Another mound, known as the Story Mound, lies along Gracely Drive in Sayler Park; other than the Story and Short Woods Park Mounds, virtually no mounds remain in the vicinity. Because of its proven value as an archaeological site, the Short Woods Park Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974; the Story Mound was accorded a similar status the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Jessup House is a historic house at 1038 W. North Bend Road in Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio. Daniel Smith built the house circa 1825. Farmer David Jessup bought the house in the 1830s and lived there for much of the 19th century. The Federal Style house is an uncommon example of the style in unincorporated Springfield Township. The -story brick house features a three-bay front facade, a wooden frieze, and a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register on August 23, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Spencer Township Hall is a historic former government building in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. One of Cincinnati&#39;s oldest extant public buildings, it has been designated a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1860,</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>The building originally served as the seat of government of Spencer Township, which has since been annexed by Cincinnati. Besides serving as the township hall, the building was originally the meeting place for the IOOF lodge whose datestone appears on the facade; the lodge was chartered just one year before the building was built. In the late 1970s, the building was no longer used as a government or fraternal building, but despite the presence of the unsympathetic addition to the facade, it was still seen as a high-quality work of institutional architecture. By this time, it had been adaptively reused, and it was home to an engineering firm, which decided to remove the front addition in conjunction with a grassroots effort to revitalize the neighborhood. By the early 2010s, it had become home to a dance studio.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Spencer Township Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to its historically significant architecture. It was one of seventeen Columbia-Tusculum properties included in a multiple property submission related to a historic preservation survey conducted in the previous year; most of the properties were buildings, but the Columbia Baptist and Fulton-Presbyterian Cemeteries were also included.</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Hospital is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on April 19, 1984. Opened in 1889 as St. Francis Hospital for Incurables by the Poor Sisters of St. Francis in the United States, it was initially the only hospital west of the Alleghenies with facilities to treat cancer. It operated until 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the former hospital stands had originally been St. Peters Cemetery, operated by the German Catholic Cemetery Association. In 1849, the directors of the association were discovered to have been selling plots to non-Catholics, which was a violation of church law. This was possibly due to the large number of burials resulting from a cholera outbreak in the city that year. As a result, the cemetery was placed under interdict by John Baptist Purcell, the Archbishop of Cincinnati. This meant the land was no longer consecrated. The graves were moved to Old St. Josephs Cemetery in the Price Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 the land was donated to the Franciscan Sisters on the condition that they build a hospital on it. A $25,000 bequest from Reuben R. Springer (1800-1884) enabled the Sisters to begin construction. Due to the scope of the project and the terrain, construction was completed only in late 1888 and the hospital dedicated by the Archbishop of Cincinnati, William Henry Elder, in December. The hospital opened under the direction of Sister Apollonaire, S.P.S.F., on January 2, 1889, and numbered nearly 800 patients by the end of the year."This property was formerly used as the St. Peter&#39;s Cemetery. Repeated violations of the church laws by its directors, caused the cemetery to be placed under interdict by Archbishop Purcell in 1849. Consequently, the cemetery was soon abandoned. In 1882 the property was given to the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis with the condition that they build a hospital on it. The sloping of the land meant that erection of the immense buildings occupied many years and entailed great expense. Finally, on December 1888, the "St. Francis Hospital for Incurables" was opened and solemnly dedicated by Archbishop Elder. Admission was granted to incurable patients, without regard to creed or nationality. On January 1, 1896, there were 269 patients remaining at the hospital; 419 patients were discharged and 95 died during the year 1895, making a total number of patients treated during that year: 783. Of these 443 were males and 340 females. Sr. Apollonaire was the Superior. The chaplain was Rev. Francis Xavier Buechle, O.S.F."</p><br>
<p>Relation: From the Souvenir Album of American cities: Catholic Churches of Cincinnati and Hamilton County edition, 1896</p><br>
<p>By 1938, the number of patients treated at the hospital numbered over 40,000. Of these, about 85% were charity cases, unable to pay for their treatment.</p><br>
<p>It was determined during the early 1970s that the hospital could no longer continue financially on its own and a merger was arranged with St. George Hospital in Cheviot, Ohio, operated by the Dominican Sisters of St. Mary of the Springs, which took effect in 1974. Both hospitals closed in 1981 when a new joint hospital named St. Francis-St. George Hospital opened in Westwood. The successor hospital subsequently joined Cincinnati&#39;s Mercy Health care system, becoming its Western Hills Medical Center which closed c. 2013 as community needs shifted.</p><br>
<p>The former St. Francis Seminary is an historic building located at 10290 Mill Road in Springfield Township in the northern suburbs of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. On March 5, 1999, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now a Franciscan retirement community named Mercy Franciscan at Winton Woods.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Church School</p><br>
<p>Church Related Residence</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Franciscan Friars of St. Leopold Province in the Austrian Tyrol arrived in Cincinnati in 1844. They had been recruited by Archbishop John Baptist Purcell to serve German-speaking Catholics in the Over-the-Rhine area. In 1858 the friars opened St. Franziskus Gymnasium, a high school at Liberty and Vine. It later relocated north of Mt. Healthy and was renamed St. Francis Seminary.</p><br>
<p>Actor Tom Cruise attended the seminary "for two years in the early 1980s" according to the Columbus Dispatch.</p><br>
<p>Old Saint George Church is a historic Catholic church in the Corryville neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, near the University of Cincinnati. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1980, as St. George Parish and Newman Center.</p><br>
<p>The red brick church was designed by Samuel Hannaford in the Romanesque Revival style, and opened in 1873. Construction costs totaled $80,000.</p><br>
<p>Declining attendance brought about by shifts in neighborhood demographics and worship habits in the 1970s and 1980s led the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati to consolidate the parish with St. Monicas and close the church in 1993. The property was sold the following year to a group called the Christian Ministries Center, which operated a community and arts center out of it until 2004. St. Georges two steeples caught fire and partially collapsed on February 1, 2008.</p><br>
<p>In March 2015, Crossroads Church acquired the property from the Clifton Heights Community Urban Development Corporation and announced plans to renovate and occupy it as their fifth location in Ohio.</p><br>
<p>In August 2016, the church reopened as a satellite campus for Crossroads.</p><br>
<p>St. Pius X Catholic Church is a registered historic building in Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on December 4, 1978. Located along Blue Rock Street, it was dedicated in 1879 to St. Patrick, and then in 1991 was dedicated to Pope Pius X by the Society of St. Pius X. Beginning in 2015, the building now houses a brewery, Urban Artifact.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Religious Structure</p><br>
